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Effect of the stop signal on the number of foragers attacking another colony...
Effect of the stop signal on the number of foragers attacking another colony with variation in the total number of guards they are able to post. Results are the means of 50 simulations. The percentage...
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Effect of the stop signal on the number of foragers attacking another colony...
Effect of the stop signal on the number of foragers attacking another colony with varying rates of guard recruitment in the attacked colony. Results are the means of 50 simulations. All attacked...
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Comparison of the model’s output (means of 50 simulations) with the day 1...
Comparison of the model’s output (means of 50 simulations) with the day 1 empirical results of Seeley et al. (1991). The model is able to replicate both the build-up of foragers at the first site and...
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Flow diagram of the behavioral control structure for foraging honey bees....
Flow diagram of the behavioral control structure for foraging honey bees. Grey shading indicates behavioral states, while white shading indicates a decision making procedure. Black bubbles represent,...
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Two 5.5 cm diameter circles of filter paper showing examples of pencil...
Two 5.5 cm diameter circles of filter paper showing examples of pencil tracings of thrips movements. The typical direct movement of an adult disperser, moving from the center of the filter paper to...
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The average linearity (LIN; with standard error) is on the y axis, with...
The average linearity (LIN; with standard error) is on the y axis, with thrips of different life stages/ castes on the x axis. The linearity (LIN) of the thrips movement was calculated by dividing the...
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The curvilinear velocity (VCL; body length/sec, with standard error) is on...
The curvilinear velocity (VCL; body length/sec, with standard error) is on the y axis, with thrips of different life stages/ castes on the x axis. VCL was calculated by dividing the total curvilinear...
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Time (in sec) spent by velvet ants headfirst in the wasp-nest cells, divided...
Time (in sec) spent by velvet ants headfirst in the wasp-nest cells, divided by content (N = 5 velvet ants in N = 5 wasp nests)
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Results of recognition bioassays. Box plots show the number of attacks...
Results of recognition bioassays. Box plots show the number of attacks (bites, grasps, and darts) exhibited by resident foundresses in pre-emergence colonies against M. europaea (grey), either intact...
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The boxplot shows the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles and the range for...
The boxplot shows the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles and the range for total number of conditioned proboscis extension responses (CRs) displayed over 20 trials in Experiment 2. Nurses showed either...
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a shows the percentage of nurses that displayed a proboscis extension on...
a shows the percentage of nurses that displayed a proboscis extension on each of 20 trials (% PER) in response to the odors 1-hexanol (n = 9) and lavender (n = 7). Among nurses, a larger...
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a shows the percentage of nurses (n = 10) that displayed a proboscis...
a shows the percentage of nurses (n = 10) that displayed a proboscis extension on each of 20 trials (% PER) on days 1 and 2. Nurses showed a CR sooner and responded in more trials on day 2 than on day...
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The boxplot shows the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, and the range for...
The boxplot shows the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, and the range for total number of conditioned proboscis extension responses (CRs). In Experiment 1, nurses (n = 10) had significantly more CRs...
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Summary statistics for elapsed time to the 50 exit of Argentine ants from...
Summary statistics for elapsed time to the 50 exit of Argentine ants from experimental chambers and in model simulations
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Summary statistics for flow rate (pedestrians per second interval) from...
Summary statistics for flow rate (pedestrians per second interval) from experiments and in simulations
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Value of the parameters used in simulation of collective dynamics of ants
Value of the parameters used in simulation of collective dynamics of ants
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Distribution of headway time intervals in (a) experimental and (b) simulated...
Distribution of headway time intervals in (a) experimental and (b) simulated ant crowds. Solid lines indicate the column-present treatment; broken lines indicate the column-absent treatment
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Escape pattern in experimental (a, b) and simulated (c, d) ant crowds. The...
Escape pattern in experimental (a, b) and simulated (c, d) ant crowds. The horizontal axis indicates individual ants in the order they exit the chamber. The vertical axis indicates the cumulative time...
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